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COUNTRIES  R - Z
    
Copyright 1996,1997,1998 by Magic Dragon Multimedia.

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UPDATED 3 June 1998

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ROMANIA
RUSSIA
SCOTLAND
SOUTH AFRICA
SPAIN
SRI LANKA
SWEDEN
UKRAINE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
WALES
ZAMBIA

Major Update of 3 June 1998: Science Fiction Film Hotlinks for many countries
Minor Update of 3 June 1998: Russia
Minor Update of 14 May 1998: South Africa
Minor Update of 16 April 1998: Zambia
Minor Update of 9 April 1998: Romania, Spain

For further information, see:

     "Bibliography of Science Fiction and Fantasy" by Sam J. Lundwall, 1964, 
     which I believe has been updated in at least three editions.  He also 
     provided important information in "Science Fiction: fran begynnelsen till 
     vara dagar", commissioned by Radio Sweden, and published in 1969.  The 
     English translation is "Science Fiction: What It's All About", Sam J. 
     Lundwall, New York: Ace, 1971.
     
     "Billion Year Spree: The True History of Science Fiction", Brian W. 
     Aldiss, (New York: Doubleday, 1973; Schocken Paperback, 1974)
     
     "Asimov on Science Fiction" (New York: Avon, 1981)


ROMANIA
The 1960s and 1970s marked an explosion of science fiction in Romania. For 
example, the solidly established mainstream magazine "Viata Romaneasca" 
had an issue devoted to translated and local science fiction.
 
Major authors include:
    *  Vladimir Colin
    *  Victor Kernbach
    *  Adrian Rogoz
     
Romania's greatest poet was  surely Mihail Iminovici, who wrote under the 
pseudonym Mihail Eminescu.  His madness kept his output small, but his 
works such as "Venus and the Madonna" and "The Epigony" show the delicately 
sensitive and pessimistic view of the nature of humanity.  As a Romantic 
poet, he played with fantasy themes including aspects of the legends and 
philosophies of India.  The beauty of his language influenced many later 
prose and poetry works of Fantasy and Science Fiction.  

I know of two science fiction films shot on location in Romania:
     * Oblivion 2: Backlash (1996) yet another Sci-Fi Western, a sequel
          to Oblivion (1994).
          Produced by: Full Moon Entertainment
          Executive Producer: Charles Band 
          Producers: Albert Band, Peter David, Debra Dion, Oana Paunescu, 
                Vlad Paunescu
          Director: Sam Irvin
          Screenplay: Peter David
          Story By: Charles Band, Mark Goldstein II, John Rheaume, Greg Suddeth
          Cinematography: Adolpho Bartoli
          Editor: Any Horvitch
          Cast:
               Zack Stone -- Richard Joseph Paul
               Mattie Chase -- Jackie Swanson
               Sweeney -- Maxwell Caulfield
               Petrified Cowboy -- Gunter David
               Jaggar -- Andrew
               Stell Barr -- Meg Foster
               Buster -- Isaac Hayes
               Long John -- Brent Huff
               Stogie Joe -- Sam Irvin
               Bork -- Irwin Keyes
               Sidekick -- Michael C. Mahon
               Miss Kitty -- Julie Newmar
               Buteo -- Jimmie F. Skaggs
               Gaunt -- Carel Struycken
               Doc Valentine -- George Takei
               Lash - Musetta Vander
               Josephine -- Nadine Emilie Voindrouh
               Crowley -- Jeff Weston
     * Trancers 5: Sudden Death (1991) 
          Trancers 5: Sudden Deth
     
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RUSSIA
A strong case can be made that Russian science fiction is second only to 
English-language science fiction in quality and quantity, and in many 
cases science fiction books sell in more copies in Russia than anywhere 
else.  Whether or not the authors get paid is another story.

Of course, the American intelligence forces, with time-scanners, saw the 
impact of young Isaac Asimov, and covertly paid his family's way over to 
Brooklyn, New York, to keep Russia from taking over the SF world.

Russia beat America into space with Sputnik, the definitive event that 
showed the world that science fiction dreams of spaceflight were now 
reality, and hammered home the point with the first man in space, Yuri 
Gagarin.  Russian authors had created the fictions that led to this 
reality.

1892     Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935), the Father of Space Rocketry, 
publishes his first science fiction story "On the Moon" in a Moscow magazine

1895    Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935), the Father of Space Rocketry, 
publishes his second science fiction story "Dreams of the Earth and the 
Sky and the Effects of Universal Gravitation" and describes in fiction an 
artificial satellite -- the predecessor of Sputnik, as it were

1895     A. N. Goncharov also publishes a satellite story "Fantasies of 
Earth and Sky" in Moscow

An important reference work on Russian SF is "Russian Science Fiction 
Novel" by Anatolij Britikov (Moscow: Nauka and the Soviet Academy of 
Sciences, 1970).

I am going to add, soon, some notes on these particularly important 
Russian science fiction authors:
     * A. Belayev
     * M. A. Bulgakov
     * Anatoly Dneprov
     * Mikhail Emtsov
     * I. Lukodianov
     * Georgui Martinov
     * V. A. Obruchev
     * E. Parnov
     * Victor Saparin, "The Trial of Tantalus"
     * The Brothers Strugatsky (Arkadi and Boris)
     * A. Tertz (A. D. Siniavskii)
     * A. Tolstoi
     * Konstantin Tsiolkovski (father of the Spaceship AND Rusian space 
          fiction)
     * Ilya Varshavsky
     * I. A. Yefremov
     * Evgeni Zamiatin
     
     
Filip Schils
Abidjan, Ivory Coast, icq : 6951680 e-mailed on 2 June 1998 to say:

"I am familiar with the "Russian classics" re: Zamyatin, Jevgeni & Arkadi
Strugatski. I think you could add Vassilli Akhsionov to your essay as he 
often uses "SF" settings and styles in his books.
If I am not mistaken he has also a scientific education (doctor ?) ,
his style is very experimental using poetry, song texts. He is a scion
of the Thaw period and should surely have been mentioned by
Yevtuchenko....I am very much interested in other links on Russian SF..."

Eugene Zamiatin (1884-Mar 1937) [Evgeni Ivanovich Zamiatin] Russian 
    dystopian novelist, banned in the USSR, of the influential "We" (New 
    York: Dutton, 1924, tr. by Gregory Zilboorg) which surely influenced 
    George Orwell's "1984" -- a global state where people are denied names 
    and love.
    
Important SF figures born in Russia who emigrated include:    
    * Boris Artzybasheff (25 May 1899-?) American artist born in Kharkov (Russia) 
          and trained in St.Petersburg (1909-1918);
    * Isaac Asimov
    * Reginald Bretnor
    * George Gamow (scientist/science writer)
    * Ayn Rand
    * many who recently emigrated to israel (see entry on Israel)

Charles Angoff (1902-?), Russian-born American newpaperman, English 
     professor, editor, author of fantasy anthology "Adventures in Heaven" (New 
     York: Ackerman, 1945), nothing on the Web?
     
One Russian member of Science Fiction & Fantasy Writers of America:
     * Alexander Korzhenevski
     
Russian SF book publishers include:
     * Detgiz
     * Mir
     * Molodaja Gvardija   
     * Mysl
     * Znanije  
     
Important magazines include:     
     * Junost (circulation hit over 2,000,000)
     * Nauka i zjisn
     * Teknika-molodezji
     * Sveta
     * Vokrug Sveta (circulation almost 3,000,000)
     * Znanije-Sila

32 Russian Science Fiction films/TV series include:

     * The Amphibian Man (1962)
     * "Gostya iz buduschego" (1984) (mini)TV Series
      ...aka "Guest from the Future" (1984) (mini)
     * "Krakh inzhenera Garina" (1973)(mini)TV Series
       ...aka "Failure of Engineer Garin" (1973) (mini)
     * Abdulladzhan, ili posvyaschayestya Stivenu Spilbergu (1991) 
       ...aka Abdulladzhan, or Dedicated To Steven Spielberg (1991)
     * Aelita (1924) a classic!
      ...aka Revolt of the Robots (1924)
      ...aka Aelita: Queen of Mars (1924)
     * Charodei (1982) (TV) very popular
      ...aka Magicians (1982) (TV)
     * Chelovek-nevidimka (1984)
      ...aka Invisible Man, The (1984)
     * Cherez ternii k zvezdam (1981)
     ...aka Per Aspera Ad Astra (1981)
     ...aka To the Stars By Hard Ways (1982) (US title)
     ...aka Humanoid Woman (1981)
     * The Death Ray (1925)
     * Es ist nicht leicht ein Gott  zu sein (1989) 
      ...aka Trudno Byt Bogom (1989)
      ...aka Hard to Be a God (1989) [from the novel by the Strugatski brothers]
     * I Was a Sputnik of the Sun (1958)
     * Inoplanetyanka (1984)
      ...aka Extraterrestrial Women, The (1984)
     * Iskusheniye B. (1990)
      ...aka Temptation of B. (1990)
     * Kin-Dza-Dza (1986) very popular
     * Klatwa doliny wezy (1988)
      ...aka Curse of Snakes Valley (1988)
      ...aka Zaklyatie doliny zmei (1988) (Russian title)
      ...aka Madude oru needus (1988)
     * Krik delfina (1986)
      ...aka Cry of a Dolphin (1986)
     * Moon Rainbow (1985)
     * Moskva-Kassiopeya (1973)
      ...aka Moscow - Cassiopea (1973)
     * Nebo Zovet (1959)
      ...aka Battle Beyond the Sun (1962) (US title)
      ...aka Sky Calls, The (1959)
      ...aka Heavens Call, The (1959)
      ...aka Sky Is Calling, The (1959)
     * Ocharovatelnye prisheltsy (1991)
      ...aka Charming Aliens (1991)
     * Otroki vo Vselennoy (1974)
      ...aka Teenagers in Space (1974)
      ...aka Boys In the Universe (1974)
     * Planeta Burg (1962)
      ...aka Planet of Storms (1962)
      ...aka Planet of Tempests (1962)
      ...aka Storm Planet (1962)
      ...aka Cosmonauts on Venus (1962)
     * Pokhischeniye charodeya (1989)
      ...aka Kidnapping of a Wizard (1989)
     * Priklyucheniya Elektronika (1979) (TV)
      ...aka Adventures of the Electronic, The (1979) (TV)
     * Solaris (1972) classic, based on Staislaw Lem novel
     * Stalker (1979) 
     * Strannaya istoriya doktora Dzhekila i mistera Haida (1985)
      ...aka Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, The (1985)
     * Taina zheleznoi dveri (1970)
      ...aka Secret of the Iron Door, The (1970)
     * Tretya planeta (1991)
     * Unikum (1983)
 ...aka Phenomenon (1983)
     * Yevo zvali Robert (1967)
      ...aka We Called Him Robert (1967)
     * Zaveschaniye professora Dowelya (1984)
      ...aka Testament of Professor Dowell (1984)

The story "The Blind Pilot" by Nathalie-Charles Henneberg, translated by 
Damon Knight, appears (pp.250-265) in "The World Treasury of Science Fiction", edited by David G. 
Hartwell, Boston: Little Brown, 1989 (and released by Book of the Month 
Club).  

Hartwell comments "Nathalie-Charles Henneberg, who is RUSSIAN, met her 
Alsatian-German husband in Syria when he was in the French Foreign 
Legion.  They began writing SF in French in the 1950s, and until his death 
in 1959 they signed their collaborations with his name.... Nathalie went 
on to become a prolific novelist, the 'most read' French SF writer in 
France in the 1960s, according to [Damon] Knight.  This story bears an 
uncanny resemblance in atmosphere to the early works of the American writer 
Roger Zelazny, which it predates."

The story "I was the First to Find You" by Kirill Bulychev, translated by 
Helen Saltz Jacobson, appears (pp.690-700) in "The World Treasury of Science 
Fiction", edited by David G. Hartwell, Boston: Little Brown, 1989 (and released 
by Book of the Month Club).  

Hartwell comments "Among the most versatile and popular SF writers in the 
Soviet Union, Kirill Bulychev is one of a group of younger Soviet writers 
to emerge in the 1960s.  Above all, his talent for storytelling and his 
interest in human characters interacting with SF problems make him a 
particularly effective representative of recent Soviet SF.  The strain of 
utopianism remains strong in Eastern European SF and sinks many stories 
with didacticism, but Bulychev is able to sustain his delight in the 
wonders of the technological future, as in the days of [American 
editor/author] John W. Campbell.  And, of course, the influence of 
Campbell-style SF itself, in this case [A. E.] Van Vogt's 'Far Centaurus' 
is clearly present."
     
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SCOTLAND
Scotland  Update of 6 March 1997

Scotland has many internationally published science fiction authors, 
including:
      * Iain Banks
      * Christine Carmichael
      * Alisdair Grey (also a noted artist)
      * Duncan Lunan (also a leading Space author/activist)
      
Scotland has many internationally published fantasy authors, 
including:
      * Sir Walter Scott
      * Robert Louis Stevenson
      * Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
      * J. M. Barrie
      * Andrew Lang
      * Kenneth Graham

OTHER AUTHORS KNOWN FOR FANTASY AND/OR SCIENCE FICTION INCLUDE:
     * Ruth M. Arthur
     * Chris Boyce
     * Robert Easson (later became citizen of United States)
     * Stuart Gordon (Richard Gordon)
     * Mollie Hunter
     * J. T. McIntosh
     * Compton Mackenzie
     * Angus MacLeod
     * Sheila MacLeod
     * Paul MacTyre
     * Angus MacVicar
     * Donald Malcolm
     * David I. Masson
     * Naomi Mitchison
     * John Taine (Eric Temple Bell) (later became citizen of United States)

Leclaire Gowans Alger (1898-?), a leading Scottish occult editor: nothing on the 
     Web?  Help me out, fans from Scotland!
     Gaelic Ghosts: Tales of the Supernatural from Scotland, under his 
     Gaelic pseudonym Sorche Nic Leodhas)(New York: Holt, 1964)
      
I know of three science fiction films shot on location in Scotland:
     * Dragonslayer (1981)
     * No Blade of Grass (1970)      
      
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SOUTH AFRICA
South Africa, the only country to have the atomic bomb and then renounce 
and abandon it, has a nmber of internationally-published science fiction 
authors, including:
     * E. J. Blow
     * H. A. Fagan
     * W. Rose
     * C. C. Reed

Harry Allighan (1898-?), wrote a 1962 political SF novel foretelling the 
     end of apartheid: "Verwoerd--The End": nothing on the 
     Web?  Help me out, fans from South Africa!

Moyra Caldecott (1927-): pseudonym of Olivia Brown, British author born in 
     South Africa, books below are Fantasy unless otherwise noted:
     * the "Tall Stones" series, set in Prehistoric Britain:
          * The Tall Stones [1977]
          * The Temple of the Sun [1977]
          * Shadow on the Stones [1978]
          * Guardians of the Tall Stones [1986] omnibus edition
          * The Silver Vortex [1987]
     * the "Ancient Egypt" series:
          * Son of the Sun [1986]
          * Daughter of Amun [1989]
          * Daughter of Ra [1990]
     * Weapons of the Wolfhound [1976] story collection
     * Adventures by Leaflight [1978] story collection for children
     * The Lily and the Bull [1979] Crete, goddess
     * Twins of the Twylwyth Teg [1983] story collection
     * Taliesin and Avagddu [1984] story collection
     * Bran, Son of Llyr [1984] story collection
     * Child of the Dark Star [1984] Science Fiction
     * The Tower and the Emerald [1985] Arthurian
     * Etheldreda [1987]
     * Women in Celtic Myth [1988] nonfiction
     * The Green Lady and the King of Shadows [1989] Glastonbury
     * Crystal Legends [1990] nonfiction
     * Myths of the Sacred Tree [1993]
     * The Winged Man [1993]
     (according to "The Encyclopedia of Fantasy" by John Clute & John Grant, 
     1997, p.158)
  
I know of two science fiction films shot on location in South Africa:
     * Alien from L.A. (1987)
     * Quest for Love (1971)

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SPAIN
"Don Quixote" by Cervantes (1605) not only pounded the final nail into the 
coffin of chivalric fantasy, but also was an astonishingly 
ahead-of-its-time meta-fiction, in which the author encounters a character 
who claims to be the author.  In a sense, this was postmodernism over 350 
years early, and a true ancestor of modern science fiction.

Juan Maldonado, in his 1541 story "Somnium" ("The Dream") wrote a moon-trip 
science fiction story that is surely the first such known in Spanish.  
This is referenced in Miguel Aviles "Otros cuatro relatos utopicos en la 
Espana moderna.  Las utopias de J. Maldonado, Omnibona y El Deseado 
Gobierno" ("Another Four Utopian Stories in Modern Spain: The Utopias of 
J. Maldonado, Omnibona and The Desired Government") in "Las utopias en el 
mundo hispanico" (Utopias in the Hispanic World).

Jose Cadalso (1741-1782) was a precursor to the Romantic movement in 
Spain, by publishing "Noches lugubres" [1790] ("Mournful Nights").

Augustin Perez Zaragoza published the wonderfully blood-drenched and 
gothic "Galeria funebre de espectros y sombras ensangrentadas" [1831] ("A 
Funeral gallery of Ghosts and Bloodstained Shadows")

Pedro  Antonio de Alarcon (1833-1891) published the story collection 
"Narraciones inverosimiles" [1882] "Hard-to-believe Stories" which included 
the famous story "La mujer alta" ("the tall woman").

Jesus de Aragon was a popular action/adventure novelist of the 1930s who 
often had SF elements, including a Moon trip.

Gustavo Adolfo Becquer (1836-1870), poet and novelist, wrote a number of 
often-anthologized fantasy and weird short stories.  His collection of 18 
stories "Leyendas" [1871] "Legends" were exotic and poetic in the extreme.

Enrique de Benito published a sequel to Jules Verne's "20,00 Leagues Under 
the Sea", namely "El hijo del Captain Nemo" and similarly Lazaro Clendobius 
published a sequel to H. G. Wells' "The Time Machine", namely "Elois y 
Morlocks" (1909).

Ramon del Valle Inclan (1866-1936) advanced a unique absudist aesthetic, 
which held that Spanish culture is a bizarre mutation of normal European 
values, and that drama must deal with this through self-conscious 
artifice, as in his play "Luces de Bohemia" [1920" ("Bohemian Lights").

Jose de Elola (1859-?)  was a scientist/soldier/author best known for the 
8 volume "Viajes Intrplanetarios en el siglo XXII."  His science writing 
influenced many Spanish SF authors.

Other significant SF writers in Spain include:
     * M. A. Asturias (see below)
     * Gonzalo Torrente Ballester (1910-)
          * La saga/fuga de J.B. [1972] change-the-past TIME TRAVEL
     * E. S. Chapela
     * Rafael Sanchez Ferlioso (1927-)
          * Industrias y andanzas de Alfanhui [1951]
     * Wenceslao Fernandez  Florez (1884-1964):
          * El Secreto de Barba Azul [1923] ("Bluebeard's Secret")
               bizarre warfare between two Ruritanian imaginary countries
          * Las siete columnas [1926] ("The Seven Pillars")
               Satan destroys society by eliminating the 7 deadly sins
     * J. M. Gironella
     * A. Robles
     * Tomas Salvador, whose "La Nave" (1959) is similar to Heinlein's 
          "Universe", except that it turns into a science fiction poem!

Miguel Angel Asturias (1899-?) major novelist in Spain, with one genre book 
     translated into English:
     "Mulata", a.k.a. "The Mulata and Mr.Fly" (New York: Delacorte, 1967)

Two Spanish members of Science Fiction & Fantasy Writers of America:
     * Miquel Barcelo
     * Robert Carrick
 
I know of seven science fiction films shot on location in Spain:
     * Enemy Mine (1985)
     * La Grieta (1980)
          also known as Endless Descent
          also known as The Rift
     * Krull (1983)
     * The Land That Time Forgot (1975)
     * Mysterious Island (1961)
     * One Million Years B.C. (1966)
     * Viaje al Centro de la Tierra (1976)
          also known as "Voyage to the Center of the Earth"
          also known as "Where Time Began" 
The Internet Movie Database (a subsidiary of Amazon.com) lists 31 Spanish science fiction films:
     * Abre los ojos (1997) 
     * Alien Predator (1987) 
      ...aka Falling, The (1987)
      ...aka Mutant II (1987)
      ...aka Cosmos mortal (1987) (Spanish title)
      ...aka Alien Predators (1987)
     * Androides Inc. (1969)
     * Bruja sin escoba, Una (1967)
      ...aka Witch Without a Broom, A (1967) (US title)
     * Caballero del dragón, El (1985)
       ...aka Knight of the Dragon, The (1985)
       ...aka Star Knight (1993) (US video title)
     * Cartas boca arriba (1966)
       ...aka Cards Face Up (1966)
       ...aka Attack of the Robots (1966)
       ...aka Cartes sur table (1966) (French title)
       ...aka Cards On the Table (1966)
     * Fosa común (1969)
     * Grieta, La (1990) 
      ...aka Rift, The (1990)
      ...aka Endless Descent (1990)
     * Hermano del espacio (1986)
      ...aka Eyes Behind the Stars (1986)
      ...aka Fratello dello spazio (1986) (Italian title)
      ...aka Brother from Space (1986)
     *Incredible Invasion, The (1968)
      ...aka Invasion siniestra (1968)
      ...aka Alien Terror (1968)
      ...aka Sinister Invasion (1968)
     * Isla de la muerte, La (1967)
     ...aka Island of the Dead (1967)
      ...aka Geheimnis der Todesinsel, Das (1967) (German title)
      ...aka Man Eater of Hydra (1968) (US TV title)
      ...aka Death Island (1967)
      ...aka Island of the Doomed (1967) (US title)
      ...aka Bloodsuckers, The (1967)
     * Isla de la muerte, La (1969)
     ...aka Philosophy in the Boudoir (1969)
      ...aka Jungfrau und die Peitsche, Die (1969) (German title)
      ...aka Eugenie (1969)
      ...aka Wildkatze, Die (1969)
      ...aka De Sade 70 (1969)
      ...aka Inassouvies, Les (1969) (French title)
      ...aka Eugenie... the Story of Her Journey into Perversion (1969)
     * Javier y los invasores del espacio (1967)
      ...aka Invasores del espacio, Los (1967) (working title)
     * Katuwira (1997)
     * Largo retorno (1975)
      ...aka Long Return, A (1975)
     * Llegaron los marcianos (1964)
      ...aka Marziani hanno 12 mani, I (1964) (Italian title)
      ...aka Twelve-Handed Men of Mars, The (1964)
     * Marciano, El (1965)
     * Miss Muerte (1966)
      ...aka Miss Death (1966)
      ...aka Dans les griffes du maniaque (1966) (French title)
      ...aka Diabolical Dr. Z, The (1967) (US title)
      ...aka Miss Death and Dr. Z in the Grip of the Maniac (1966)
     * Monstruos del terror, Los (1969)
      ...aka Dracula Vs. Frankenstein (1969)
      ...aka Man Who Came from Ummo, The (1969)
      ...aka Hombre que vino de Ummo, El (1969)
      ...aka Hombre quel vine dela Ummo, El (1969) (working title)
      ...aka Operation Terror (1969)
      ...aka Assignment Terror (1970)
      ...aka Dracula jagt Frankenstein (1969) (German title)
     * Nuevos extraterrestres, Los (1983) 
      ...aka Tales of Trumpy (1983)
      ...aka Pod People (1984)
      ...aka Unearthling, The (1984)
      ...aka Return of E.T., The (1983)
      ...aka Extra Terrestrial Visitors (1985)
     * Operación Goldman (1966)
      ...aka Operazione Goldman (1966) (Italian title)
      ...aka Lightning Bolt (1966)
     * Perro en órbita, Un (1966)
     * Planeto ciego (1975)
      ...aka People Who Own the Dark (1980) (US title)
      ...aka People Who Own the Dark, The (1980) (US title)
     * Rayo desintegrador, El (1965)
      ...aka Aventuras de Quinque y Arturo el Robot (1965) (alternative title) (working title)
     * Robot embustero, El (1966)
     * Sieben Männer der Sumuru (1969)
      ...aka Ciudad sin hombres, La (1972) (Spanish title)
      ...aka Future Women (1969)
      ...aka Rio 70 (1970) (US title)
      ...aka Seven Secrets of Sumuru, The (1969)
      ...aka River 70 (1969)
      ...aka Sumuru (1969)
     * Sterminatori dell'anno 3000, Gli (1983)
      ...aka Exterminador de la carretera, El (1983) (Spanish title)
      ...aka Exterminators of the Year 3000 (1983) (US title)
     * Supersonic Man (1979)
     * Terrore nello spazio (1965) 
     ...aka Haunted World, The (1965)
     ...aka Terror in Space (1965)
     ...aka Planet of the Vampires (1965)
     ...aka Planet of Terror, The (1965)
     ...aka Planet of Blood (1965)
     ...aka Terror en el espacio (1965) (Spanish title)
     ...aka Planet of the Damned, The (1965)
     ...aka Outlawed Planet, The (1965)
     ...aka Demon Planet (1965)
     ...aka Space Mutants (1965)
     ...aka Haunted Planet, The (1965)
     * Viaje al centro de la Tierra (1976)
     ...aka Fabulous Journey to the Center of the Earth (1976)
     ...aka Where Time Began (1978) (US title)
     ...aka Journey to the Center of the Earth (1976)
    * Órbita mortal (1968)
 ...aka Mission Stardust (1968)
     ...aka Operation Stardust (1968)
     ...aka 4... 3... 2... 1... morte (1968) (Italian title)
     ...aka Mortal Orbit (1968)
     ...aka Perry Rhodan - SOS aus dem Weltall (1968) (German title)
     ...aka You Only Live Once (1968)

     
I had just begun a section on Galician and Catalan    
Science Fiction and Fantasy, based in part on some wonderful current 
information e-mailed to me about catalan Science Fiction awards, but a 
head-crash wiped out my files on that and my e-mail from my informat on 
that subject.  If you are he, please e-mail me again.
     
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SRI LANKA
Sri Lanka was once known as Ceylon, and longer ago was known as Serendip.  
The story was told of the three princes of Serendip, each on a quest, and 
then one who kept making wonderful discoveries by chance.  This gave rise 
to the world "Serendipity."

One Sri Lankan member of Science Fiction & Fantasy Writers of America:
     * Arthur C. Clarke

Arthur C. Clarke told me, your humble webmaster (we have met several times 
and I've co-edited a book with him) that he lives in Sri Lanka for several 
reasons:
     * He owns a nice house in Colombo
     * He is Chancellor of the University there
     * He has many friends in Sri Lanka
     * The country is so beautiful that he suspects it to be the source of 
          the Garden of Eden myth
     * The scuba diving is fantastic, and last but not necessarily least:
     * There is no income tax.

I know of no science fiction films shot on location in Sri Lanka, although 
the Internet Movie Database lists 24 Sri lankan films total.

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SWEDEN
Sweden may have the highest per capita science fiction readership and 
publication in the world.  There are nearly 2,000 original works of 
Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror in Swedish, and at least 4,000 Swedish 
translations of English-language and European works.

Sweden produced numerous works as precursors to modern science fiction, 
such as "Ny Upptackt av Landet Catacombe" [New Discovery of the Country 
Catacomb] by P. O. Fredell (Stockholm, 1780), and "The Subterranean 
Journey of Niels Klim" (1741).  On a related front, the famour naturalist 
Carl von Linne wrote about travel beyond the skies with metal spheres 
containing vacuums as superballoons, in "Iter lapponicum" [Journey through 
Lapland] (1732).

Sweden had a great SF boom at the turn of the century, perhaps kicked off 
by journalist Claes Lundin's novel "Oxygen och Aromasia--Bilder fran ar 
2378" [Oxygen and Aromasia--Pictures from the Year 2378] (Stockholm: Jos. 
Seligman, 1878).  Experts believe that this work comes dangerously close to 
plagiarising "Bilder aus der Zukunft", Kurd Lasswitz (Breslau, 1878).

Claes Lundin's novel "Oxygen och Aromasia--Bilder fran ar 2378" is not the 
typical utopian fantasy.  It features matter transmitters (as in "beam me 
up, Scottie"), space ships (very close to H. G. Well's "cavorite"-based 
"First Men on the Moon"), suspended animation, television-telephones, and 
weather control.

Nonetheless, in the decade before 1900 AD and the decade after, there were
roughly 300 original works of Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror in Swedish, 
and at least 500 Swedish translations of English-language and European works.
Examples from this boom include the dystopian "Kallocain" by Karin Boye (1940), 
the classic epic SF poem "Lycksalighetens O" [The Island of Happiness] by 
Per Atterbom, and "Katastrophen" [Catastrophe] by Gustaf Jansson (1913).

As a result of this boom there were two very early science fiction 
magazines:
     Hugin (7 Apr 1916-Christmas 1919), edited/published by Otto Witt,
          arguably the world's first SF magazine, bi-weekly, circulation 
          10,000, letters to editor from Nobel laureate Svante Arrhenius, 
          only 2 complete sets known to exist, one of which is in the Royal 
          Library of Sweden
     Vetenskapen och Livet [Science and Life] (1916-1928), edited by 
          E. Thrall, which spread to a French and a Finnish edition

Svante Arrhenius, Swedish astronomer, declared in 1917: "Everything on 
     Venus is dripping wet," which led to plenty of pulp stories about the 
     rainforests of Venus where, as we now know, the dominant liquid is 
     actually sulfuric acid, droplets of which make up the perpetual clouds.

In the 1930s, one notable novel was "Ormus och Ariman" [Ormouz and Ariman] 
by Carl Jonas Love Almqvist (1930).

Roland Adlerberth (21 Sep 1923-), noted Swedish writer/librarian/translator/critic: 
     nothing on the Web?  Help me out, fans from Sweden!  He was said to 
     have written the first article about Science Fiction in Sweden:
          "SF--Renaissance of the Adventure Novel" (Bibliotek Bladet, Sep 1951)
     with at least two bibliographic/critical sequels

The best survey of Swedish science fiction that I know of is the 
"Bibliography of Science Fiction and Fantasy" by Sam J. Lundwall, 1964, 
which I believe has been updated in at least three editions.  He also 
provided important information in "Science Fiction: fran begynnelsen till 
vara dagar", commissioned by Radio Sweden, and published in 1969.  The 
English translation is "Science Fiction: What It's All About", Sam J. 
Lundwall, New York: Ace, 1971.

Lundwall points out that the popular Swedish folk song "Hjalmar och Hilda" 
actually derives from the sadistic Gothic novel "The Monk" (1796) by 
Englishman Matthew Gregory Lewis.

Other major Swedish authors and editors
 (besides those mentioned above) include:
     * Hans Arnold, international SF artist
     * Hennig Berger
     * Ann-Margaret Dahlquist-Ljunberg, "Stralen" [The Ray]
     * Sven O. Emilsson
     * P. C. Jersild
     * Torsten Jungstedt, "Stors Skrackboken" [Huge Horror Book]
     * Bjorn Karlstrom
     * Denis Lindbohm
     * S. Lonnerstrand
     * Harry Martinson, "Aniara", book-length space/SF poem, which helped to 
          win Martinson a Nobel Prize!
     * Henrik Nanne [under pseudonym "Carl Henner"]
     * B. Nyberg
     * Nils Parling, "Korset" [The Cross]
     * Arvid Rundberg
     * Gustav Sandgren [under pseudonym "Gabriel Linde"]
     * Eugen Semitjov
     * Bo Stenfors
     * Olle Strandberg, "Kalla kara" anthology
     * Ingvar Svenssonb

Hannes Alfven, Swedish Nobel laureate physicist who wrote SF under 
     pseudonym O. Johannesson: nothing on the 
     Web?  Help me out, fans from Sweden!

One Swedish member of Science Fiction & Fantasy Writers of America:
     * Sam J. Lundwall
     
Swedish science fiction publishers include:
     * Eklunds Bokforlag, Eklunds SF-Serie (1953-1955)
     * Lindqvist, Atombockerna, Lindqvist LP Pocket
     * Pingvinforlaget, Atombocken
     * Wennerberg, Rymdbockerna

I know of two science fiction films shot on location in Sweden:
     * Independence Day (1996)
     * Rymdinvasion i Lappland (1959)
          also known as "Horror in the Midnight Sun"
          also known as "Invasion of the Animal People"
          also known as "Space Invasion from Lapland"
          also known as "Space Invasion of Lapland"
          also known as "Terror in the Midnight Sun"
        Summary: Extraterrestrials unleash a monster in Lapland which 
               seizes a pretty woman and gives various scientists a hard time
The Internet Movie Database lists 7 Swedish science fiction films/TV series
     * "Kenny Starfighter" (1997) (mini)TV Series
     * Créatures, Les (1966)
     * Gröna gubbar från Y.R. (1986)
     * Last Border - viimeisellä rajalla (1993) 
      ...aka Last Border, The (1993)
     * Rymdinvasion i Lappland (1959) 
      ...aka Horror in the Midnight Sun (1959)
      ...aka Space Invasion from Lapland (1959)
      ...aka Space Invasion of Lapland (1959)
      ...aka Terror in the Midnight Sun (1959) (proposed US title)
      ...aka Inaasion [sic] of the Animal People (1962) (US title)
     * Smilla's Sense of Snow (1997) 7.4/10 (522 votes)
      ...aka FrΣulein Smillas Gespⁿr fⁿr Schnee (1997) (German title)
      ...aka Smilla's Feeling for Snow (1997)
      ...aka Fr÷ken Smillas kΣnsla f÷r sn÷ (1997) (Swedish title)
     * Sweetwater (1988)


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UKRAINE

Achmed Abdullah, pseudonym of Achmed Abdullah Nadir Khan el-Durani el-Iddrissyeh 
     (12 May 1881-12 May 1945), born the son of a Grand Duke in Yalta, now 
     in the Ukraine, second cousin to Princess Nurmahal and 
     Czar Nicholas II of Russia, author of Aliens Souls and half a dozen other 
     Asian fantasies (and the screenplay for "The Thief of Baghdad"): nothing on the Web?
     Educated at Eton and Oxford, then the University of Paris; served 
     with the British Army in China, the Near East, India, and France, and 
     only after turned into a professional writer.  Prolific storyteller, 
     often for the Munsey magazines, and became famous for not only the 
     screenplay of "The Thief of Baghdad" (1924) but also "Lives of a 
     Bengal Lancer."   Autobiography is "The Cat Had Nine Lives" (1933).

I know of one Ukranian Science Fiction Film:
     * Dandelion Wine
          from the book by Ray Bradbury


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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

THE WEBMASTERS OF THIS PAGE ARE NOT ALL AMERICAN CITIZENS,
BUT FOR SIMPLICITY'S SAKE ALONE, ANY DATA IN THIS PAGE WHICH DOES NOT
MENTION A COUNTRY BY NAME SHOULD BE ASSUMED TO REFER TO AMERICA -THEREFORE 
MOST OF THE INFORMATION FOR USA APPEARS ELSEWHERE IN THE SITE.

Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) is considered by many literary scholars to be 
the true father of Science Fiction, and of the Mystery/Detective genre.  
Only this year doctors concluded that Poe died of rabies, contradicting 
earlier theories.  Poe's translations by Baudelaire were crucial to the 
evolution of French symbolism, surrealism, and science fiction.

"Amazing Stories", starting in April 1926 is belived by most experts to be 
the first true science fiction magazine, and its editor/publisher Hugo 
Gernsback is deemed the father of modern science fiction.

Edward E. Smith's "Skylark of Space" (1928) was the first genuinely 
interstellar novel.  Isaac Asimov explains:
     "For the first time in a science fiction magazine, man was whirled off 
     into the depths of interstellar space, with all the Universe open 
     before him.  For the first time, the reader had the chance to 
     visualize man as a creature of infinite capacity--man as God, almost."
          [Asimov on Science Fiction, p.190]

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WALES
UNDER CONSTRUCTION - WE NEED YOUR INPUT.  WHO ARE THE WELSH SF WRITERS?
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ZAMBIA

Peter Dickenson, full name Peter Malcolm de Brissac Dickenson (1927-):
     British author born in Rhodesia (now Zambia), maried to 
     author Robin McKinley; known for SF/Fantasy/Mystery and Young Adult novels:
     * Sleep and His Brother [1971] SF/Fantasy/Mystery
     * Emma Tupper's Diary [1971] Loch Ness monster
     * The Iron Lion [US: 1972; UK: revised 1983]
     * Mandog [1972] co-author Lois Lamplugh
     * The Dancing Bear [1972] children's story
     * The Green Gene [Pantheon, 1973; Daw] SF/Fantasy/Mystery
     * The Poison Oracle [Pantheon, 1974]
     * The Gift [1974]
     * the "Changes" Young Adult Fantasy series:
          * The Weathermonger [Little Brown, 1968; Daw]
          * Heartsease [1970]
          * The Devil's Children [1971]
          * The Changes : A Trilogy [1975; 1985; US: 1991] omnibus edition
     * Chance, Luck, and Destiny [1975] story collection
     * King and Joker [Pantheon, 1976; Avon] SF/Fantasy/Mystery
     * The Blue Hawk [Little Brown, 1976; Ballantine Books] Egypt
     * Annerton Pit [1977] Young Adult Science Fiction
     * Walking Dead [1977] Zombies
     * Hepzibah [1978] chapbook
     * The Flight of Dragons [1979] nonfiction
     * Tulku [1979] magical Tibet
     * City of Gold [1980]
     * The Seventh Raven [1981]
     * Hundreds and Hundreds [1984] anthology
     * Healer [UK: 1983; US: 1985]
     * Giant Cold [1984] chapbook
     * A Box of Nothing [1985]
     * Eva [1988] Science Fiction
     * Merlin Dreams [1988] linked story collection
     * Skeleton-in-Waiting [1989] SF/Fantasy/Mystery
     * Time, the Clockmice, Etcetera [1993]

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